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一篇文章带你入门java网络编程
吴振华 · 226浏览 · 发布于2021-08-04 +关注


网络编程是指编写运行在多个设备（计算机）的程序，这些设备都通过网络连接起来。本文介绍了一些网络编程基础的概念，并用Java来实现TCP和UDP的Socket的编程，来让读者更好的了解其原理


基于TCP/IP协议的通信

  • TCP/IP协议

    • TCP/IP协议.会在通信两端建立连接（虚拟连接），用于发送和接收数据

    • TCP/IP协议是一种可靠的网络协议，它通过重发机制来保证这种可靠性

      通信的实现

ServerSocket用来监听来自客户端的连接，当没有连接时，它处于阻塞状态

客户端使用Socket连接到指定的服务器

基于UDP协议的通信

  • UDP协议

    • UDP协议不会在通信两端建立连接（虚拟链路），而是直接发送连接

    • UDP协议是一种不可靠的网络协议，但是这种协议的通信效率非常高

  • 通信的实现

    • DatagramSocket用于两端的通信，它不负责 维护状态，不产生io流，仅仅是发送或接受数据包

    • DatagramPacket代表数据包

      在这里插入图片描述

InetAddress

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/**

 *

 * InetAddressDemo

 *

 *

 */


public class InetAddressDemo {


    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {

        InetAddress baidu = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");

        System.out.println(baidu);

        System.out.println(baidu.getHostAddress());//获取主机地址

        System.out.println(baidu.isReachable(1000));//是否可达

        System.out.println("====================================================================================");

        InetAddress local = InetAddress.getByAddress(new byte[]{127, 0, 0, 1});

        System.out.println(local.getHostName());//获取主机名

        System.out.println(local.isReachable(1000));//是否可达

    }

}

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案例演示 （简易聊天室）

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package javaserver.TcpServer;

import JAVAClient.TcpClient;

import java.io.BufferedReader;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.InputStreamReader;

import java.io.PrintStream;

import java.net.ServerSocket;

import java.net.Socket;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.Collections;

import java.util.List;

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;

import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

public class tcpServer {

    public static ExecutorService threadPool= Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);

    public static List<Socket> socketList= Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<>());

    public static void main(String[] args) {

//

//        try {

//

//            //接受客户端的请求

//            ServerSocket serverSocket=new ServerSocket(9000);

//            while (true){

//                Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();//封装了一些客户端的信息

//                System.out.println("请求;" + socket.toString());

//

//                PrintStream ps=new PrintStream(socket.getOutputStream());

//                ps.println("welcome "+ socket.getInetAddress().getHostAddress());

//                socket.close();

//            }

//

//        } catch (Exception e) {

//            e.printStackTrace();

//        }

//    }

        try {

            ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);

            while (true){

                Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();

                socketList.add(socket);

                threadPool.submit(new ThreadTask(socket));

            }

        } catch (Exception e) {

            e.printStackTrace();

        }


    }

}

class  ThreadTask implements  Runnable{

    private Socket  socket;

    private BufferedReader reader;

    public ThreadTask(Socket socket) {

        this.socket = socket;

        try {

            this.reader=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));

        } catch (IOException e) {

            e.printStackTrace();

        }

    }

    @Override

    public void run() {

        try {

            String line;

            while ((line=reader.readLine())!=null){

                for (Socket client: tcpServer.socketList){

                    String from=socket.getInetAddress().getHostAddress()+":::"+socket.getPort();

                    String content= from+"说"+line;

                    new PrintStream(client.getOutputStream()).println(content);

                }

            }

        } catch (Exception e) {

            e.printStackTrace();

        }

    }

}

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package JAVAClient;

import java.io.*;

import java.net.Socket;

import java.util.Scanner;

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;

import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

public class TcpClient {

    public static ExecutorService threadPool= Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {

//        Socket socket=new Socket("127.0.0.1",9000);

//        BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));

//        String s = br.readLine();

//        System.out.println(s);

        Socket socket=new Socket("127.0.0.1",9000);

        threadPool.submit(new ReadTask(socket));

        threadPool.submit(new WriteTask(socket));



    }

}


class ReadTask implements Runnable{

   private Socket socket;

   private BufferedReader reader;

    public ReadTask(Socket socket) {

        this.socket = socket;

        try {

            this.reader=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));

        } catch (IOException e) {

            e.printStackTrace();

        }

    }

    @Override

    public void run() {

        try {

            String line;

            while ((line=reader.readLine())!=null){

                System.out.println(line);

            }


        } catch (Exception e) {

            e.printStackTrace();

        }

    }

}


class WriteTask implements Runnable{

    private Socket socket;

    private PrintStream writer;

    public WriteTask(Socket socket) {

        this.socket = socket;

        try {

            writer=new PrintStream(socket.getOutputStream());

        } catch (IOException e) {

            e.printStackTrace();

        }

    }

    @Override

    public void run() {

        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

        String line;

        while ((line=scanner.nextLine())!=null){

            writer.println(line);

        }

    }

}

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UDP 演示

服务端

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package javaserver.TcpServer;

import java.net.*;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.List;

import java.util.Scanner;

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;

import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

public class UdpServer {


    public static ExecutorService threadPool= Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);

    public static List<InetSocketAddress> addressesList=new ArrayList<>();


    public static void main(String[] args) {

        try {

            DatagramSocket socket=new DatagramSocket(9001);

            // 随时通知

            threadPool.submit(new SendTask(socket));

            //接受访问 并且记录

            byte[] buffer=new byte[1024];

            DatagramPacket packet=new DatagramPacket(buffer,buffer.length);

            while (true){

                socket.receive(packet);

                addressesList.add((InetSocketAddress) packet.getSocketAddress());

            }


        } catch (Exception e) {

            e.printStackTrace();

        }

    }

}


class SendTask implements Runnable{

    private DatagramSocket socket;

    public SendTask(DatagramSocket socket) {

        this.socket = socket;

    }

    @Override

    public void run() {

        try {

            Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

            String line;

            while ((line= scanner.nextLine())!=null){

                for (InetSocketAddress isa:UdpServer.addressesList){

                    byte[] buffer=line.getBytes();

                    DatagramPacket packet=new DatagramPacket(buffer,buffer.length,isa.getAddress(),isa.getPort());

                    socket.send(packet);

                }

            }

        } catch (Exception e) {

            e.printStackTrace();

        }


    }

}

客户端

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package JAVAClient;


import java.net.DatagramPacket;

import java.net.DatagramSocket;

import java.net.InetAddress;

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;

import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

public class UdpClient {

    public static ExecutorService threadPool= Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        try {

            DatagramSocket socket=new DatagramSocket();

//            注册

             DatagramPacket packet=new DatagramPacket(new byte[]{1},1, InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"),9001);

             socket.send(packet);

//             接收

            threadPool.submit(new ReceiveTask(socket));

        } catch (Exception e) {

            e.printStackTrace();

        }

    }


}

class ReceiveTask implements Runnable{

    private DatagramSocket socket;

    public ReceiveTask(DatagramSocket socket) {

        this.socket = socket;

    }

    @Override

    public void run() {

   try {

       byte[] buffer=new  byte[1024];

       DatagramPacket packet=new DatagramPacket(buffer,buffer.length);

       while (true){

           socket.receive(packet);

           String line =new String(packet.getData(),0, packet.getLength());

           System.out.println(line);

       }

   } catch (Exception e) {

       e.printStackTrace();

   }

    }

}

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吴振华
坐标是江苏.南京，行业是互联网，技术是PHP和java，还有熟悉前后端等。
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